Fragmented economic globalization significantly affects living and working conditions in
global production networks and raises new challenges as supply chains are shortened and
reconfigured. At the same time, new supply chain regulations aim to enhance environmental
and human rights standards in transnational business relations, which might be difficult in a
context of fragmented globalization. Transnational economic activities have global and local
effects and are connected to a particular economic model with significant impact on the
distribution of economic, social, and environmental harms and benefits.