The aim is to improve our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the interplay between autoimmunity and melanoma, with an interest in the role of predisposing factors in the appearance or exacerbation of autoimmunity under immunotherapy. We use data-based molecular networks and multi-level computational models accounting for the mechanisms behind the immune activation involved in the autoimmunity-cancer-immunotherapy axis. Here, we combine data and network analysis, computer simulations and model experimentation to generate molecular and phenotypic signatures accounting for the emergence or enhancement of autoimmunity under checkpoint inhibitor therapy and other cancer immunotherapies.