Examining the IAEA’s role in the History of Radiation Protection (HRP-IAEA) turns our attention to the history of nuclear diplomacy as a means for understanding how our scientific knowledge about radiation protection has been shaped by diplomatic, social, economic, and political concerns. The main actor is the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the focus is on its role in shaping radiation standards throughout the Cold War. Our research marks a diplomatic turn in the history of science. HRP-IAEA is a Horizon 2020 funded European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant project led by Prof. Dr. Maria Rentetzi and hosted by Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.