Engelke K (2026)
Publication Type: Authored book
Publication year: 2026
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780443138256
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-13825-6.00089-3
This chapter reviews the concepts, technical implementations and clinical benefits of advanced in vivo X-ray based imaging techniques for assessing bone quality, an ensemble of parameters beyond bone mineral content and density used to better characterize and predict bone failure that results in fracture. The focus of clinical applications will be assessment of fracture risk and of monitoring age and treatment related changes in osteoporosis in comparison to areal BMD measured by DXA. DXA remains the gold standard because aBMD is a good surrogate for bone strength. 3D imaging techniques, in particular QCT and FEA are mature and are increasingly used in clinical trials. At the spine, fracture prediction can be improved with these techniques. New high-resolution techniques using dedicated peripheral QCT scanners are now available to measure trabecular structure and cortical porosity at the distal forearm and distal tibia. Techniques such as HSA, TBS and 3D DXA can be directly applied to the DXA image; The clinical utility of HSA has been questioned. Newer statistical atlas-based methods have been developed to estimate 3D CT-like datasets form standard DXA images, validation is currently ongoing.
APA:
Engelke, K. (2026). In vivo X-ray based imaging methods to assess bone quality. Elsevier.
MLA:
Engelke, Klaus. In vivo X-ray based imaging methods to assess bone quality. Elsevier, 2026.
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