Amorphous calcium phosphate reinforced alginate-dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) bioink for biofabrication of bone tissue scaffolds

Indurkar A, Heid S, Bauer J, Rubenis K, Friedrich O, Locs J, Boccaccini AR (2025)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2025

Journal

Book Volume: 9

Article Number: 100710

DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100710

Abstract

The aim of this work was to develop a nanocomposite bioink closely resembling the nanostructure of bone incorporating amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as an inorganic counterpart, specifically, citrate stabilized ACP (ACP_CIT) and non-stabilized ACP (ACP_ACE) in an organic hydrogel matrix consisted of alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL). The hydrogel's physical properties were evaluated, confirming the reinforcement effect of ACP. The frequency sweep analysis showed that G' and G" of ADA-GEL were 99 ± 9 Pa and 9 ± 1 Pa, respectively. By the addition of ACP_ACE, G' and G" increased. Overall, the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of ADA-GEL hydrogel were enhanced by ACP. ACP_CIT was more effective than ACP_ACE. Further, printing parameters were optimized. The bioink was formulated by embedding MC3T3-E1 cells in ADA-GEL and ACP-reinforced ADA-GEL hydrogels, followed by fabricating scaffolds at optimized printing parameters (pressure: 65 kPa, speed: 5 mm/s). Crosslinking was performed by immersing constructs in CaCl2 and microbial transglutaminase solution. Post-printing analysis was performed using the printability index and average pore area analysis. The lowest structural stability was observed in ADA-GEL constructs. The highest structural stability was noted in ADA-GEL-ACP_CIT constructs. Epifluorescence and two-photon microscopy of Rhodamine/Phalloidin stained constructs confirmed the cytocompatibility of the bioinks.

Authors with CRIS profile

Additional Organisation(s)

Involved external institutions

Riga Technical University Latvia (LV)

How to cite

APA:

Indurkar, A., Heid, S., Bauer, J., Rubenis, K., Friedrich, O., Locs, J., & Boccaccini, A.R. (2025). Amorphous calcium phosphate reinforced alginate-dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) bioink for biofabrication of bone tissue scaffolds. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100710

MLA:

Indurkar, Abhishek, et al. "Amorphous calcium phosphate reinforced alginate-dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) bioink for biofabrication of bone tissue scaffolds." Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 9 (2025).

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