Siska PJ, Singer K, Evert K, Renner K, Kreutz M (2020)
Publication Type: Journal article, Review article
Publication year: 2020
Book Volume: 295
Pages Range: 187-202
Journal Issue: 1
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12846
The “glycolytic switch” also known as the “Warburg effect” is a key feature of tumor cells and leads to the accumulation of lactate and protons in the tumor environment. Intriguingly, non-malignant lymphocytes or stromal cells such as tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to the lactate accumulation in the tumor environment, a phenomenon described as the “Reverse Warburg effect.” Localized lactic acidosis has a strong immunosuppressive effect and mediates an immune escape of tumors. However, some tumors do not display the Warburg phenotype and either rely on respiration or appear as a mosaic of cells with different metabolic properties. Based on these findings and on the knowledge that T cell infiltration is predictive for patient outcome, we suggest a metabolic-tumor-stroma score to determine the likelihood of a successful anti-tumor immune response: (a) a respiring tumor with high T cell infiltration (“hot”); (b) a reverse Warburg type with respiring tumor cells but glycolytic stromal cells; (c) a mixed type with glycolytic and respiring compartments; and (d) a glycolytic (Warburg) tumor with low T cell infiltration (“cold”). Here, we provide evidence that these types can be independent of the organ of origin, prognostically relevant and might help select the appropriate immunotherapy approach.
APA:
Siska, P.J., Singer, K., Evert, K., Renner, K., & Kreutz, M. (2020). The immunological Warburg effect: Can a metabolic-tumor-stroma score (MeTS) guide cancer immunotherapy? Immunological Reviews, 295(1), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12846
MLA:
Siska, Peter J., et al. "The immunological Warburg effect: Can a metabolic-tumor-stroma score (MeTS) guide cancer immunotherapy?" Immunological Reviews 295.1 (2020): 187-202.
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