Interaktion zwischen Muskel und Knochen – ein Wechselspiel zwischen Physik und Biologie
Jakob F, Müller-Deubert S, Ebert R, Engelke K, Felsenberg D, Rudert M, Herrmann M (2020)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2020
Journal
Book Volume: 29
Pages Range: 111-122
Journal Issue: 2
DOI: 10.1055/a-1112-7925
Abstract
Balanced and reciprocal adaptive interaction between muscle and bone is essential for locomotion and for the maintenance of integrity of the organism in order to avoid ruptures and fractures. Contracting muscles produce physical forces that influence both the musculature itself and the stabilizing skeleton. Gravity and body mass define the power of forces. Escalation of power and repetitions of physical stimuli lead to anabolic effects in both tissues while immobilization, disuse and simulation of micro-gravity produce muscle and bone loss. The impact of physical strain on cells is translated into biochemical signals and generates biological effects. During the last 2-3 decades, the molecular mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction have been intensely explored. Stretching, compression and fluid flow respectively set strain on adhesion molecules between cells and the extracellular matrix as well as on cell-cell interactions, thereby causing cell deformations and activation of calcium influx, cAMP and cGMP production and activation of kinases. In consequence, transcription factors acquire nucleotropy, bind to DNA-response elements and modulate transcription. Consecutive changes in the proteome result in enhanced production of structural proteins to fortify the architecture of the cytoskeleton and of cell adhesion. This enhances the stiffness and viscoelasticity of both the cell and the tissue composition in order to adapt to the higher level of power without injury. Besides the mere physical interaction through muscle forces both tissues also exchange information via secretory products of both muscle and bone. These products initiate and regulate interactive adaptation and regeneration with a great deal of functional overlap between tissues. Besides a tonic secretion of polypeptides with secretory domains, both tissues are also capable of secreting vesicles upon exercise that transport pre-synthesized receptors, growth and differentiation factors and miRNAs as a cargo. Since neither of both tissues is capable of producing true endocrine vesicles, they deliver exosomes into the circulation. One adequate stimulus for exosome delivery is calcium influx upon mechanical strain or exercise, respectively. With our steadily increasing knowledge, the evolving picture is an unexpectedly strong influence of mechanical forces on cellular biochemistry and cell biology of tissues. While we just begin to understand the physiology of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction as perfect tools for adaptation to environmental needs, our knowledge about the impact of alterations in this field, e.g. overload and exercise resistance, on chronic diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis is still in its infancy.
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Germany (DE)How to cite
APA:
Jakob, F., Müller-Deubert, S., Ebert, R., Engelke, K., Felsenberg, D., Rudert, M., & Herrmann, M. (2020). Interaktion zwischen Muskel und Knochen – ein Wechselspiel zwischen Physik und Biologie. Osteologie, 29(2), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1112-7925
MLA:
Jakob, Franz, et al. "Interaktion zwischen Muskel und Knochen – ein Wechselspiel zwischen Physik und Biologie." Osteologie 29.2 (2020): 111-122.
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